Pakistan, daraban zam, spate irrigation is a type of water management. The study examined whether the use of spate irrigation in droughtprone areas of ethiopia reduced poverty. Developing policies and programmes on spate irrigation. This paper describes the various pra activities, suchas mapping, diagramming and ranking of problems, that were undertakenwith the participation of local people. It then discusses the effect of spate irrigation on livelihood improvement and poverty alleviation section 3. Global water partnership 2000 toward water security.
It also provides some simple methods that can be used to derive the hydrological information needed to design intakes and canals for spate irrigation systems. The availability of floods and soil moisture were the major land use requirements for spate. Irrigation development is in line with these national plans. If irrigation is the manipulation of water for use in growing crops, spate irrigation is perhaps. Irrigation engineering lecture notes pdf pdf book manual. Computational hydraulics the computational hydraulics course provides lecture notes, presentations and assignments. Articles and manuals on irrigation, drainage and land rehabilitation below one can find references to lecture notes, scientific articles, software manuals, and project reports that are shown in pdf format.
The primary factors controlling the achievement of this objective are equipment selection, system design, installation, and maintenance. Status and potential of spate irrigation in ethiopia article pdf available in water resources management 257. Pdf status and potential of spate irrigation in ethiopia. Human settlements are concentrated in the vicinity of the major wadis and spate irrigation has been practiced for more than two millennia. Juliflorajuliflorachallenge in spate irrigation systems. Sedimentation rate on spate irrigated fields in sheeb area, eastern eritrea. Floodwater is unpredictable in occurrence and amount. Spate irrigation from the english word spate, meaning. Modernization of spate structures has been taking place in raya valley since 1998 even though the efficiencies are not as intended. Graph from hydrological analysis for the yemen irrigation. Hazemo watershed will be a benchmark model for the development of spate irrigation in zoba debub and eritrea.
Spate irrigation for rural economic growth and poverty alleviation goals and objectives the goal of this programme was to develop spate irrigation policies and programmes, based on action research and documented practical experiences, that contribute to rural poverty alleviation and accelerated economic growth in. Spate irrigation is a crop irrigation technique consisting of diverting seasonal stormwater from valleys, rivers, riverbeds and gullies by gravity onto farmland situated at a lower elevation than the flood water. Download c well and spate irrigation book pdf free download link or read online here in pdf. The potential for the development of spate irrigation. Spate irrigation systems and watershed development in eritrea. Horatius bolton completed the settlement report based on his notes. The weak relationship between governmental organization and water users, absence of policy and institutional structure for operation and maintenance, result conflicts on water. Yemen, located on the southwestern corner of the arabian peninsula, is one of the most waterscarce countries in the world. Assessing the benefits of spate irrigation development 188 integrating risk management in the design of spate systems 188 taking into account broader livelihood and environmental impacts 189 10. Spate irrigation is a resource system, whereby flood water is emitted through normally dry wadi and conveyed to irrigable fields. A land suitability system for spate irrigation schemes in. Groundwater resources are vital for yemens agriculture. Spate irrigation in the context of river basin resource management.
Remember to note the journal title, article number, and your name when sending. C well and spate irrigation pdf book manual free download. The boro dodota spate irrigation project is the first case of the modern medium scale spate irrigation in the state initiated in 2004 having 5,000 ha of the command area. The spate irrigation network, with support from unwdpc and in cooperation with ihe delft.
Spate irrigation is increasing in the arid parts of the country. The spate irrigation network spn, strongly supported by the project task managers at ifad rudolph and laura decided not to wait for all the administrative. Thief insect is another common insect, which affect the leaves at night time and during day time it is hidden in soil. Ppt spate irrigation in pakistan powerpoint presentation. Spate irrigation is the art and science of managing floods for irrigation. Assessing spate irrigation in afar region agrilearning. Read online c well and spate irrigation book pdf free download link book now. In areas where rainfall is insufficient and no perennial rivers exist, spate irrigation systems can be a key element in crop production needed to sustain livelihoods, providing an enhanced level. Spate irrigation is a method of flood water harvesting, practiced in dera ismael khan d.
Spate irrigation in the context of river basin resource management 191 summary 191 linking spate irrigation and natural resource management 194. Conveyance and drainage system in spate irrigation a case of. Agrilearning ethiopia the agriculture knowledge, learning. The local spate irrigation network in taunsa sharif and dg khan are in place now. Differences in irrigation scheduling between the two settings a garden scale. The agriculture knowledge, learning, documentation and policy project akldp is part of the usaid feed the future program in ethiopia.
The development objectives are to primarily capture runoff water from the catchment in the plans in spate irrigation systems for improved and intensified cropping systems that will result in. The area currently under spate irrigation is estimated at 140,000 ha, but the potential particularly in the lowland plains is much higher. Spate irrigation for rural economic growth and poverty alleviation was approved by ifad in november 2010. Quite apart from the continuing catastrophic conflict, the massive overdraw of existing groundwater due to unregulated drilling of tube wells since the 1970s has created a major water crisis that affects the future of the countys estimated 28 million people. Spate irrigation captures and spreads seasonal rainwater runofffloods and was used in this area thirty years ago when 500. Khan, pakistan for agricultural production for the last several hundred years in which during monsoon. Pdf status and potential of spate irrigation in ethiopia frank van. Total area of oromia state of ethiopia is 36 million ha, out of which 1. Status and potential of spate irrigation in ethiopia.
Water is diverted from seasonal rivers by using diversion structures made by stones, earth and. A duration curve of stream flow, used for example to define minimum discharge and identify lowflow periods for the appraisal of irrigation water withdrawal. Training notes for agroecosystem analysis and rapid. Agdataaglaglwspateprofilespakistanprofilemscg%20pakistan. Typically use soil moisture by feel qualitative approach to determine need for irrigation, as well as scheduling and reference to local et rates see lecture 2 and appendix 4, estimating soil moisture by feel.
It is emitted through wadis ephemeral streams and diverted to fields. One important consequence of the role of seepage in groundwater recharge is the need for a river basin approach to spate irrigation design. However, most of the intakes were severely damaged by high flood. The weak relationship between governmental organization and water users, absence of policy and institutional structure for operation and maintenance, result conflicts on water sharing at. Further within wsdp water sector development program 20012016 formulated by the.
Design development of spate irrigation structures in raya valley, ethiopia. Water rights and rules, and management in spate irrigation. The current report discusses contexts, constraint, and prospects of the project, in particular focusing on designing and function of the system. The yandafero spate irrigation system, both traditional and modern, has experienced community floodwater management for the last 25 years. Irrigation notes the basic objective of an irrigation system is to efficiently supply water to plant material. Electures on spate irrigation systems are now available in unwais. Irrigation water sources and methods of storage, water and soil relationship, salt accumulation and leaching, water flow through the soil, the quantity and quality of water used in irrigation systems, surface and underground irrigation, drainage, wells and its use for irrigation, water measurements, laws and legislation for irrigation. Note the parallel lines showing thin laminated layers of sediments. Local area net work established in di khan with the active spport of intercooperation and partner ngos veer, spo, parc and the local communities. Spate irrigation spate irrigation is a type of water management, that is unique to semiarid environments.
Design development of spate irrigation structures in raya. Area equipped for irrigation full control irrigation equipped lowland areas spate irrigation total area equipped for irrigation area actually irrigated as % of area equipped for irrigation renewable water resources rwr land and population irrigation areas notes. Manual systems are usually too slow even with a high gain mechanism. The guidelines cover all aspects of spate irrigation design and management. Spate irrigation for rural economic growth and poverty alleviation goals and objectives the goal of this programme was to develop spate irrigation policies and programmes, based on action research and documented practical experiences, that contribute to rural. This research was conducted in ascoma district adaar woreda, afar regional state, with the objective of assessing the potential of increasing fodder production for livestock through the use of spate irrigation. The project spate irrigation for rural economic growth and poverty alleviation siregpa has started in january 2011 in four countries sudan, yemen, ethiopia and pakistan.
Abstract spate irrigation is a resource system, whereby flood water is emitted through normally dry wadi and conveyed to irrigable fields. Fodder production with spate irrigation and road runoff improvements in the design of flood diversion structures english understanding and addressing the drought in kenya. This note serves to highlight the potential of spate irrigation in pakistan, the current use and the scope for expansion and increased productivity. Toward better institutional setup in spate irrigation system. Participatory rural appraisal of spate irrigation system in eastern eritrea. All types of irrigation which make use of rising water from flood for inundating areas without major structural works, e. They may also sustain aquatic life and riverine biodiversity, recharge aquifers, enrich soilds and in some of the worlds poorest areas they are the main source of irrigation. The project met all of the set targets by september 2015, achieving the following results. Fao irrigation and drainage paper clu mims for preckdng i. Intense land use planning and regulation not allow cattle movement between areas combine combating and utilizing focus on removal from water ways, highly productive land or land important for local food security.
Engineering manual for spate irrigation, november 2011. Toward better institutional setup in spate irrigation. Pdf this article discusses spate irrigation in ethiopia and aims to take stock. Introduction this note serves to highlight the potential of spate irrigation in pakistan, the current use and the scope for expansion and increased productivity. Spate irrigation spate irrigation is a resource system, whereby. Spate irrigation is a floodwater harvesting and management system.
Flood water from mountain catchments is diverted from river beds wadis and spread over large areas. The video lecture series on spate irrigation systems is a followup from the mainstreaming spate irrigation in higher education workshop. In most spate irrigation systems in eritrea, yemen and pakistan the major. Document of the world bank for official use only report no. The farm supply component of an irrigation system includes the. A land suitability system for spate irrigation schemes in eritrea was studied in the sheeb area of eritrea with and without land improvements. Spate irrigation for rural economic growth and poverty. The project strengthened the capacity of 300 spate irrigation professionals and around 100 spate irrigation farmer communities. Gtp notes that agriculture is regarded as a major source of economic growth and improvement of water utilization and expansion of irrigation coverage. This may be done by free intakes, by diversion spurs or by bunds. Pakistan spate network has trained a volunteer in spate irrigation during this period.
Type of spate irrigation 2 smaller systems coastal las bela, interior balochistan, smaller rivers from kohisulaiman and kirthar range 14 type of spate irrigation 3 mini systems mountain systems 15 general typology. The major advantage of an earth channel is its low initial cost, these suffer from certain disadvantages, like the following. Recently, the operational design of oda and mersa schemes which are in the design phase by mekelle university, college of dryland agriculture and natural resources considers practical. Soil and water management in spate irrigation systems in eritrea. It is evident that unit costs very much depend on the nature and size of the system and the type of intervention. For their recharge they depend mainly on spate running water and. Conveyance and drainage system in spate irrigation a case. Spate irrigation is an ancient form of water management, involving the diversion of flashy spate. What is considered loss for spate irrigation through seepage in the wadi bed may well be used in a very productive way through groundwater extraction. Spate irrigation has been mainstreamed in policy and investment programmes. The implementing organization in sudan is the hydraulic research center hrc of the ministry of water resources and electricity. Spate irrigation is a complex and unique form of water management, which represent the main source of irrigation water in semiarid river catchments.
It is found in the middle east, north africa, west asia, east africa and parts of latin america. This paper first describes spate irrigation in the light of climate change adaptation and climate change section 2. The manner in which monsoon processes have been represented. Conveyance and drainage system in spate irrigation a case of boro dodota spate irrigation yohannes geleta1, chali edessa1, kozo inada2, yoshiaki o tsubo2, shinji suzuki3, hiromichi toyoda3 abstract. Pdf agricultural water management in ephemeral rivers. Each of about 25 users of indigenous and modern spate irrigation schemes and an equal. Chapter 9 economics of spate irrigation 183 table 9.
The video lecture series on spate irrigation systems is a followup from the mainstreaming spate irrigation in higher education workshop, jointly organized by fao, unescoihe, unwdpc, the spate irrigation network and metameta in delft, the netherlands from 2022 september 2010. The challenges and suggested ways to overcome them figure 9. The emphasis is on methods used for small schemes, where little data are available and the. Participatory rural appraisal of spate irrigation systems in. If irrigation is the manipulation of water for use in growing crops, spate irrigation is. This thesis is about spate irrigation in eritrea with special reference to soil and water management practises. These factors, especially the first two, are interrelated and it is the system designers job to. Pdf using floodwater for artificial recharge and spate. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. Irrigation areas sheet nepal total total actually irrigated irrigation technology total 1 168 actually irrigated 1 4 surface irrigation sprinkler irrigation localized irrigation equipped lowlands spate irrigation 929. Spate irrigation, livelihood improvement and adaptation to. Community management in spate irrigation in eritrea.
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